random evolution question

[madnak]

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maybe even some simple organisms still existed

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This isn't a "maybe even." It's the core of the question. If we have bacteria, then evolution would probably be very likely to occur again. If there is no life at all, then personally I don't think it would happen (certainly not in a timely enough manner - the sun won't last forever).

But there's no way to know for sure. We still don't fully understand the origins of life on Earth, and until we do speculation is all you'll get.