investments protected from medical or legal liabilities

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What types of investments are there that are protected against medical or legal judgements/claims?

Ie. you go to the doctor and have a 6 million dollar procedure and your health coverage is capped at 5 million. What types of investments are going to be exempt from a medical claim?

Ie. you hit someone with your car and kill them and there is a 3 million dollar judgement against you. Your car insurance and umbrella coverage only cover 1.5 million. What types of investments are going to be exempt from a legal judgement?

I have heard about property in some states has homestead exemptions, but in California it is some low amount like 50-100k.

Thanks in advance.