[Kaj]

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This is what I want to understand most about physics, but I don't understand it. I've heard it has something to do with photon emission (from electrons) - photons "carry" the "message" to the protons.

I don't think anyone knows about gravity, but I think the "graviton" has been postulated to "carry" the field.

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The problem with thinking like this is it assumes that particles (and thus all physical entities) are distinct "things" that need some media to communicate their presence with each other. I believe that more and more we are learning that this view is flawed and that "things" don't exist distinctly. I think each particle (and thus each physical entity) is a "field" in itself and can't be separated out completely to a point in space-time that we observe. We're all fields, man. Hey stop tickling me.