[flaja]

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James Madison: [b]"The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government are few and defined.

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And such powers include the power "To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof."

Didn't Madison write this too?

And what was Madison’s original intent when he was serving as Secretary of State for a president who some say was violating the Constitution when he bought foreign land from France?

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Did Thomas Jefferson write any of the Federalist papers? No matter, for his view is quite clear also:

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Then how can Jefferson's opinion have any importance in this discussion since he was not a delegate to the Constitutional Convention and thus had no direct role in writing the Constitution?

Also consider Alexander Hamilton's original intent when he said:

“Constitutions should consist only of general provisions; the reason is that they must necessarily be permanent, and that they cannot calculate for the possible change of things.”

and

“Even to observe neutrality you must have a strong government.”

and

“Why has government been instituted at all? Because the passions of man will not conform to the dictates of reason and justice without constraint.”