My comments on things people have said here:
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Code Complete: Decent if part of your goal is to work well within a large development project. For you, I think the book sucks. There are far better books for "thinking like a programmer." "The Pragmatic Programmer" is an example of such a book.
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Scheme: Sucks. If you want to expand your mind, learn Python. Then find some books about functional programming, and use the aspects of that available within python and explore that area.
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Java Learning: Use the internet, and don't even buy a book. Start by following basic tutorials, and then find sample code that does certain things. Figure out how it's doing what it is apparently doing. The easiest way to learn something is to see code that does something similar. Eventually you'll figure it out. [/list]