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I don't understand what the Liberals did here. Did they decide to try to force a vote on Kyoto in the Canadian Parliament?

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They did force a vote. The vote was on a bill saying that the government needs to implement a plan to meet Kyoto targets. The government has 60 days to put that plan into law.

The ruling Conservative government opposed the bill. The other parties combined to pass the bill (since the Conservatives have a minority government they couldn't stop it). Since the ruling government doesn't want such a plan, they might just not do it. In that case, the Liberals would have the right to declare a non-confidence vote. This could force a new election if the majority supports the non-confidence vote. It's not a sure thing, though, because the parties that voted for the bill yesterday may not necessarily want to declare a new election, even if the bill is not carried through on.

I suspect that the Liberals think that they government won't make good on the new bill, and that they will judge public reaction and if they feel there is enough anger then they may call a non-confidence vote hoping that the hype surrounding their new leader plus public backlash at the Conservatives would be enough to put them back in power.